How to Do Harvard Citation Format Step by Step

Citations are quite common in the academic world. When you provide a citation for your academic work, you simply acknowledge and reference the sources of the information used in compiling your work. More so, if you use a direct quote, paraphrase or a summary of someone else’s work in compiling your work, then you have to cite the work. The citations provide all the essential details of the sources of information provide in your work. Given this, the reader can always refer to the original sources in case they require more information. There are several types of referencing styles and citation format. However, in this article Essayaxe.com provides a guide on how to do Harvard citation format step by step.

Harvard citation format is a referencing style occasionally used by college and university students to provide citations for any information used in any academic assignment. An instructor usually provides instructions on how a student is to provide citations for their work. This article by Essay Axe provides a complete guide on how to do Harvard Citation format step by step. So, how do you cite Harvard style? Read on to find out how.

Types of Harvard Citation Format

The two types of citations include:

1. In-text citations
2. Reference list citations

In-text Citations

This type of citation is usually placed within the body of the work when paraphrasing a source or providing an extract from the direct source. Usually, in-text citations are written as a fragment of the whole citation. For example, depending on the type of source, some Harvard in-text citations may take the following format:

“Henceforth, I continued my life as a young rajah in Europe’s capitals…” (Fitzgerald,2004).

Referencing Lists

Referencing lists are usually located at the end of the paperwork to display full citations of the sources used in compiling the information in the assignment. A full citation provides information on the name of the source, the author the material, the year of publication, the publisher etc. For instance, using the example provided above, a full citation for a book can be written in the following format:

Fitzgerald, F. (2004). The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner.

How to do Harvard Citation Format Step by Step

As discussed earlier, there are two types of citations. As such, Essayaxe.com provides guidelines for these two different types of citations.

Harvard Referencing Style in Referencing Lists

Overview of Harvard Referencing List

Referencing lists are usually provided at the end of the work to acknowledge the sources of information used to compile the work. These lists also provide room for readers to trace back the original sources in case they need to get more information related to the content provided. Each citation provided in the referencing list declares the following information:

• Name(s) of the author(s)

• Year of publication

• The title of the source

• City published

• The publisher

• The pages used in providing the information

With all the above information, the Harvard referencing styles takes the following format:

• Surname(last) name, Initial of First Name, (Year of Publication), Title of the Source. City: Publisher, Page numbers(s).

Normally, the citations in the referencing list are placed alphabetically based on the authors’ last names. In case there are several sources with the same author, then the citations are provided in the order of the year of publication.

Books with the Same Author

This section provides a Harvard Citation Format step by step guide for books written by the same author. The structure of the citation takes the following order:

• Last name, initial of the first name. (Year of publication). Title. Edition. (edition is only included if the book is not the 1^st edition) City of Publication: Publisher, Page(s) of the information.

Just in case the edition is not indicated in the referencing list, then you can assume that the source is the first edition by the author and therefore does not need to be included. Below is an example of Harvard referencing style for a 1^st edition book with one author:

• Anderson, J. (2009). Harvard Referencing Style. New York: New York Publishers, p. 64.

Here is an example of Harvard referencing style for a 6^th edition book with one author:

• Smith, R. (2017). How to do Harvard Citation Format Step by Step. 6^th ed. New York: New York Publishers, pp. 74-79.

Books with More than One Author

When writing a citation with two or more authors, that names of the authors are placed in the order of appearance on the source. The conjunction ‘and’ is used to separate the names of the authors.

The structure of the citation takes the following order:

Last name of the first author, Initial of the First name. and Last name of the second author, Initial of the First name. (Year of publication). Title. City: Publisher, Page(s) of the information.

Examples:

• Two authors – Patterson, S. and Freund, G. (2006). Harvard referencing style. Bangalore: Dorling Kindersley, p.156.
• Three authors – Dunston, K., Campbell, G. and Jameson, Y. (2014). How to do Harvard Citation Format Step by Step. 3^rd ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, pp.125-130.
• More than three authors – Frydenberg, C., Desikan, S., Vermaat, M., and Sebok, S. (2017). Discovering computers. Boston: Cengage Learning, pp 478-488.

N.B. Always remember that you only include the edition of the book cited is not the first edition.

Citations for Chapters Withing Edited Books

When writing a citation for a chapter within an edited book, the following structure applies:

• Last name of the author, Initial of the first name. (Year of publication). Title of the chapter. In: Initial of the first name. Last name of the second author, ed., Title of the book, 1st ed.* City of publication: Publisher, Page(s).
• Frydenberg, C. (2017). How to do Harvard citation format step by step. In: S. Bressler, ed., Referencing styles, 1^st ed. New York: New York Publishers, pp 75-93.

*Note that edition of a chapter within the book is inclusive, even if the book is not the first edition.

Citations for Several Sources by the Same Author

In case you have to provide citations for multiple sources made by the same author, then place the citations in the order of the year of publication. In case the works were published within the same year, then you will provide citations alphabetically by order of the titles. Example:

• Peters, G. (1999). How to do Harvard citation format step by step. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
• Peters, G. (2004). Harvard referencing journal article. New York: Atria Books.
• Peters, G. (2004). The 7 types of referencing styles. York: Doubleday.

Citations for Print Journal Articles in Harvard Format

The structure for the citation for print journal articles takes the following order:

• The last name(surname), initial of the first name. (Year of publication). Title of the article. Journal, Volume (Issue), page numbers.
• Mitchell, F.A. (2015). How to do Harvard citation format step by step. Global Journal for writers, 66(9) pp 28-36.
• Ross, N. and Dismuke, C. (2015). The Analysis of Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory on False Consciousness and Truth Content. Philosophy Today, 67(2), pp. 26-29.

Citations for Journal Articles on a Website or a Database

The section provides a guide on how to Harvard reference a website journal articles. In this instance, you have to include the features included in the citations for the print journal, the medium[online], the URL of the website, the date of access of the article.

The structure of citations for journal articles on a website or a database is as follows:

• The last name(surname), initial of the first name. (Year of publication). Title of the article. Journal, [online] Volume (Issue), page numbers. Available at: URL. [Accessed Day Month Year].
• Mitchell, F.A. (2015). How to do Harvard citation format step by step. Global Journal for writers, [online] Volume 66(9) pp 28-36. Available at: https://www.citethisinfoforme.com/harvard-referencing. [Accessed 2 Sept. 2019].

Citations for Print Newspaper Articles

The structure for citing a newspaper article in a referencing list takes the following structure:

• Last name (surname), Initial of the first name. (Year of publication). Title of the article. Newspaper, Page numbers.
• Mitchell, F.A. (2015). How to do Harvard citation format step by step. Daily People’s News. Pp. 28-36.

Citations for Newspaper Articles Found on a Website or a Database

The structure for citing a newspaper article found on a website or a database in a referencing list is as follows:

• Last name(surname), Initial of the first name. (Year of publication). Title of the article. Newspaper name, [online] page numbers. Available at: URL of the information [Accessed Day Month Year].
• Mitchell, F.A. (2015). How to do Harvard citation format step by step. Daily People’s News, [online] pp 28-36. Available at: https://www.citethisinfoforme.com/harvard-referencing. [Accessed 2 Sept. 2019].

Citations for Print Magazines in Harvard Format

The structure for citing a print magazine in a referencing list is as follows:

• Last name(surname), Initial of the first name. (Year of publication). Title of the article. Magazine name, (Volume), page numbers.
• Mitchell, F.A. (2015). How to do Harvard citation format step by step. Daily People’s News, (25) p.28.

Citations for Information on a Website

The structure for citing a website in a referencing list is as follows:

• Last name(surname), Initial of the first name. (Year of publication). Title of the page. [online] Name on the website. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].

In case no author has been listed; you will use the following structure:

• Name of the website, (Year of publication). Title of the page. [online] Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].

Examples include:

• Mitchell, F.A. (2015). How to do Harvard citation format step by step. [online] ABC News. Available at: https:/ /abcnews.go.com/citethisinfoforme.com/Harvard-referencing. [Accessed 2 Sept. 2019].
• Mms.com, (2007). M and M’S Official Website. [online] Available at: http://www. mms.com/ [Accessed 2 Sept. 2019].

Citations for PDFs and eBooks in Harvard Format

The Harvard format for citation of PDFs and eBooks dictates that the edition is inclusive even if it is the 1^st edition. Henceforth, the edition is followed by the source type, written in brackets, i.e., [pdf] or [eBook]. Also, the URL is included at the end, alongside the date of access in brackets. The following structure applies for citations for pdfs and eBooks in Harvard format:

• Last name(surname), Initial of the first name. (Year of publication). Title of the source. Edition. [format] City of publication: Publisher, page numbers. Available at: the URL [Accessed Day Month Year].
• Mitchell, F.A. (2015). How to do Harvard citation format step by step. 1^st ed. [ebook] New York: New York Publishers. Available at: https://ebooks.nypls.org/ [Accessed 2 Sept. 2019].
• Mitchell, F.A. (2015). How to do Harvard citation format step by step. 1^st ed. [pdf] New York: Knopf. Available at: //ebooks.nycschools.org/ [Accessed 2 Sept. 2019].

Harvard Referencing Style in In-Text Citations

Harvard Referencing In-Text Citation Overview

In-text citations are used to show the specific sections within a paper that has been paraphrased or quoted directly from the original source. Harvard referencing style for in-text citations displays the surname of the author and year publication. In-text citations are normally located at the end of the section paraphrased or quoted.end of the section paraphrased or quoted.

Harvard In-Text Citation for One Author

In Harvard in-text citations, the author’s last and the year of publication are placed in brackets.

For example:

• Rissy’s true emotions with Calvin is expressed in the story, often with work phrases as, “…. she suddenly turned towards his direction with a gaze that expresses a rush of contempt.” (Fitzgerald, 2017).

In case the author’s name is used in expressing the section from the source, then the name of the author is not included in the brackets showing in-text citations.

Example:

• Fitzgerald use of expressions that depict contempt throughout the story is a clear sign of Rissy’s true emotions towards Calvin (2017).

Harvard In-Text Citation for Two or Three Authors

When you provide in-text citations for a source with more than one author, you will provide both names in order of appearance in the source, with the conjunction ‘and’ separating them.

Example:

• Most political and social organizations have widely accepted feminism in the U.S. The introduction of policies by feminist convections has been a major milestone for most feminists in the past century (Feiler and Lazzari, 2013).
• Instead of always seeking approval from several people, try to seek the approval of one person that matters the most- which is yourself (Brimstone, Sheldon and Schmidt, 2013).

Citations for More Than Three Authors

In case you have to provide in-text citations for sources with more than three authors, you use the name of the first author, followed by “et al.” and the year of publication.

Example:

• A close examination of all stages of growth and development helps the health workers to determine the responsiveness of a patient to treatment against an illness (Schmidt et al., 2016).
• Schmidt et al. (2016) explain that the close examination of all stages of growth and development helps health workers to determine the responsiveness of a patient to treatment against an illness.

Harvard In-Text Citations for Corporate Authors

When providing Harvard in-text citations for corporate authors, the name of the organization is put in place of the author.

• A close examination of all stages of growth and development helps the health workers to determine the responsiveness of a patient to treatment against an illness (Dermatology Foundation, 2012).

In case the name of the organization is included in the text, then the year of publication is placed in parenthesis.

• The Dermatology Foundation (2012) declares that a close examination of all stages of growth and development helps the health workers to determine the responsiveness of a patient to treatment against an illness.

Harvard In-Text Citations for Sources with No Authors

When you have to cite a source with no authors, you will provide the title of the source in the parenthesis, followed by the year of publication.

Example:

• A close examination of all stages of growth and development helps the health workers to determine the responsiveness of a patient to treatment against an illness (Medicinal spaces, 2019).

Harvard In-Text Citations for Sources with No Dates

When you have to cite a source with no dates, you have to omit the dates in the in-text citation.

• A close examination of all stages of growth and development helps the health workers to determine the responsiveness of a patient to treatment against an illness (Medicinal spaces).

FAQs On Harvard Referencing Styles

Q. How do you do Harvard Referencing examples?

The above guide by Essayaxe.com provides a complete guide on how to do Harvard citation format step by step. In case you need assistance in editing and formatting, do not hesitate to contact Essayaxe.com for the best online essay help services.

Q. How do you cite internet sources in text Harvard style?

The above guide by Essayaxe.com provides a complete guide on how to do Harvard citation format step by step. In case you need assistance in editing and formatting, do not hesitate to contact Essayaxe.com for the best online essay help services.

Q. Is Harvard citation the same as APA?

Harvard citation is not the same as APA citation format. All these different types of citation format are structure differently, although they all give essential information on the original sources of information.

In conclusion, the Harvard citation format is easy to go by with the right guidelines. As such, the above guide on how to do Harvard citation format step by step comes in handy for those in need of formatting skills. Essayaxe.com provides the best online essay help services for nearly all academic works. Take advantage of our wide range of services and receive the best writing, editing, and formatting services.